The vineyards are situated on Rioja Valley’s northern hills on south-facing slopes at an altitude of 550 metres above sea level. The vines, which have an average age of 25 years, are planted in uneven terrain due to several streams that run down the mountains that mark the northern border of Rioja. The soils are generally poor in nutrients and very shallow, just 30 to 35 centimetres in depth, encouraging the vines to send their roots deeper in search of nutrients and water. The soils vary from plot to plot, but clay-based soils are prevalent, with high iron and chalk content. The clay content retains water, which nourishes the vines during the warm summers, and the iron content is an essential nutrient for photosynthesis.